Ultra Wideband antennas discussed

Although ultra wideband presents a revolutionary and new approach to the wireless communication, it is not really a new concept. In fact, the system had been developed quite long back to transmit the Morse code using the airwaves.

The antennas which are used for ultra wideband are quite important and there are many parameters which have to be considered for selecting the right antennas. Among the most important parameters are gain, efficiency, directivity, radiation pattern and impedance bandwidth. All of these characteristics are actually quite important and necessary to determine whether the antenna is optimal for use in the application.

How do these antennas work?

The ultra wideband communications transmit in such a way that it does not interfere with the other narrowband and traditional carrier wave in the frequency band. Quite a lot of studies had been conducted and they initially indicated that there had been a rise in the level of noise by several ultra wideband transmitters which had put a burden on the communication services. For the traditional systems, this could be hard to bear and might affect the systems’ stability.

However, now the FCC defines ultra wideband in terms of the transmission from the antenna for which emitted bandwidth exceeds only 20% of center frequency. The systems based on pulse where the transmitted pulse occupies the ultra wideband bandwidth can gain access to the spectrum of the ultra wide band under the present rules.

The antenna technologies used

There are several different antenna technologies which are being used for ultra wideband like the Distributed MIMO. This technology is used for increasing the transmission range since it exploits the distributed antennas among the different nodes. The multiple antenna technologies are also quite widely used. Schemes for multiple antenna like MIMO have been used quite widely for increasing the system throughput and for reception stability.

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Because ultra wideband has an impulse like response to channel, the combination along with different antenna techniques provides much better results. Mixing the spatial multiplexing of MIMO with the high throughput of ultra wideband provides the possibility of the short range networks with the multi-gigabit rates.

Mostly, ultra wideband systems are used in indoor and short range applications. However, since the ultra wideband pulses are short duration, it can be used for high data rates and it can be traded easily for range by just aggregating the pulse energy per bit by using coding techniques or simple integration.

Ultra wideband of high data rate can actually enable the wireless monitors and allow efficient transfer of data from various devices like digital camcorders. It can also be used for wireless printing of pictures from a digital camera without needing a computer. Files can also be transferred within cell phones and other devices like video players and digital audio players.